Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices: Types, Standards, and Selection

Below-the-hook (BTH) lifting devices are attachments used between a crane hook and the load being lifted. These devices play an important role in material handling by helping improve load control, distribute forces more evenly, reduce the risk of damage, and make it possible to lift items that are difficult or impractical to handle with slings alone.

Because below-the-hook equipment become part of the lifting system, they must be clearly identified, properly rated, and used exactly as intended by the manufacturer. The most reliable sources of information are the device markings and the manufacturer’s documentation.

Safety note : Always follow manufacturer documentation, site policies, and the direction of a qualified person when selecting or using any below-the-hook lifting device.

What Is a Below-the-Hook Lifting Equipment?

A below-the-hook lifting equipment is a purpose-built attachment that connects to a crane hook, hoist hook, or master link and interfaces directly with the load. Unlike basic rigging components such as shackles or slings, these devices are often engineered assemblies designed for specific load shapes, handling needs, or lifting challenges.

In everyday industry use, the term “below-the-hook” usually refers to devices that do more than simply connect two components. These devices may support, clamp, cradle, or stabilize the load in a controlled way.

Common examples include:

• Lifting beams.
• Spreader beams.
• Plate clamps.
• Lifting grabs and tongs.
• C-hooks.
• Coil handling devices.
• Other engineered lifting attachments.

Each type is designed for a specific function and has limitations that must be understood before use.

Why Below-the-Hook Devices Are Used

Below-the-hook lifting devices are commonly selected when slings alone cannot provide safe or effective load control. Typical reasons for using these devices include :

• Improving load stability during lifting or positioning.
• Distributing forces across multiple lift points.
• Reducing side loading or crushing forces on the load.
• Preventing damage to finished or delicate materials.
• Providing consistent and repeatable load handling.

Because these devices directly affect how the load behaves, their selection and use must be intentional and informed.

Common Types of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices

Lifting Beams and Spreader Beams

Lifting beams and spreader beams are among the most widely used below-the-hook devices. While the terms are sometimes used interchangeably in conversation, they are commonly applied for different purposes.

Lifting beams provide a rigid attachment point between the crane hook and the rigging connected to the load. They are often used when a fixed geometry is required or when lifting from multiple points using slings or hardware attached to the beam.

Spreader beams are commonly used to spread lift points apart and reduce inward forces on the load. This can be especially important when lifting long, flexible, or fragile items that could be damaged by compression.

Both lifting beams and spreader beams are typically rated as complete assemblies. The manufacturer’s documentation defines acceptable configurations, load positions, and limitations.

Plate Clamps

Plate clamps are designed to grip and lift steel plate or structural shapes. Depending on the design, they may rely on clamping force, a cam mechanism, or friction to maintain engagement with the load.

Plate clamps vary widely by manufacturer and application. Differences may include :

• Vertical or horizontal lifting orientation.
• Single-plate or multiple-plate handling.
• Material thickness and surface condition requirements.

Because clamp performance depends on correct engagement with the load, the manufacturer’s instructions are critical. Orientation, surface condition, and loading direction all matter.

Lifting Grabs and Tongs

Lifting grabs and tongs are used for loads such as pipe, coils, bundles, or irregularly shaped items. These devices use geometry and contact points to hold the load securely during lifting.

Common characteristics include :

• Designed engagement points specific to the load shape.
• Controlled opening and closing action.
• Load retention based on geometry rather than friction alone.

Because grabs and tongs rely on proper positioning and engagement, misuse can significantly affect load control. Manufacturer markings and instructions define acceptable use conditions.

C-Hooks

C-hooks are commonly associated with lifting coils, rolls, or bundled materials. Their hook-shaped profile supports the load while maintaining balance and stability.

C-hooks are typically designed for specific load dimensions and weights. Important considerations include :

• Load contact area.
• Center of gravity alignment.
• Orientation during lifting and setting.

The rating basis and design details are manufacturer-specific and must be verified before use.

Standards That Apply at a High Level

Below-the-hook lifting devices are addressed by industry standards as well as manufacturer requirements. At a high level, two commonly referenced standards include:

• ASME B30.20, which focuses on operational and use considerations for below-the-hook lifting devices.
• ASME BTH-1, which addresses design considerations for certain categories of below-the-hook devices.

These standards provide general frameworks for safe use and design intent. However, they do not replace manufacturer documentation. The manufacturer’s information defines the exact ratings, markings, inspection requirements, and limitations for a specific device.

For global operations, local regulations and regional standards may also apply. Site procedures should account for the applicable requirements in the jurisdiction where the device is used.

Selection Considerations (High-Level Awareness)

Selecting a below-the-hook lifting device is not simply a matter of choosing a capacity that exceeds the load weight. At an awareness level, purchasing and comparison discussions often consider factors such as :

• How the device connects to the crane hook or upper attachment.
• The rated capacity as marked on the device.
• The basis of the rating, including configuration and load position.
• How well the device interfaces with the load shape and surface.
• Clearance and handling constraints at the jobsite.
• The potential consequences if load conditions change.

These considerations must always be evaluated through manufacturer documentation and qualified guidance. Selection decisions should never be made based on assumptions or visual similarity alone.

Identification and Markings

Below-the-hook lifting devices are typically marked to support verification before use. While marking conventions vary by manufacturer and device type, common information includes:

• Manufacturer identification.
• Rated capacity.
• Device weight (for many designs).
• Product identification or serial number.

Markings allow users to confirm that the device is suitable for the intended lift. When markings are missing, damaged, or illegible, the device’s rating cannot be verified using the required information.

In such cases, devices are commonly removed from service until they can be evaluated and re-identified using manufacturer guidance or qualified assessment.

Inspection Considerations (Awareness Only)

Inspection requirements for below-the-hook lifting devices depend on several factors, including device type, service conditions, manufacturer recommendations, and site procedures.

At a general awareness level, inspection attention is commonly focused on :

• Cracks, deformation, or damage in load-bearing members.
• Wear or damage at lifting eyes and attachment points.
• Missing or damaged retention components, where applicable.
• Evidence of unauthorized modification or repair.
• Missing or unreadable identification markings

Inspection criteria and frequency are defined by the manufacturer’s documentation and site policy. When conditions are uncertain, evaluation by a qualified person using manufacturer criteria is the appropriate path.

Personnel Hoisting Considerations

Personnel hoisting is treated as a higher-consequence activity than material handling. It is governed by specific OSHA and industry requirements and requires approved personnel platforms, defined procedures, and additional controls.

Below-the-hook lifting devices intended for material handling should not be assumed suitable for personnel lifting. If personnel must be hoisted, only approved systems designed for that purpose and used under the required procedures should be considered.

Manufacturer documentation and site policy are the governing references in these situations.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a below-the-hook lifting device?

A below-the-hook lifting device is an attachment used between the crane hook and the load, such as a lifting beam, spreader beam, clamp, grab, tong, or C-hook. These devices are typically rated assemblies with markings and manufacturer documentation that define their intended use.

What is the difference between a lifting beam and a spreader beam?

Both devices manage load handling geometry. A lifting beam provides a rigid attachment point between the hook and the rigging. A spreader beam is commonly used to spread lift points and reduce inward force on the load. The manufacturer’s rating basis and intended configurations determine how each device is used.

Do below-the-hook lifting devices have standards?

Yes. At a high level, ASME B30.20 addresses use considerations, and ASME BTH-1 addresses design considerations for certain below-the-hook lifting devices. Manufacturer documentation remains the primary reference for specific devices.

How do I know if a device is rated correctly?

The most reliable sources are the device markings and the manufacturer’s documentation. If markings are missing or unreadable, the device’s rating cannot be verified from the required information.

How often should these devices be inspected?

Inspection frequency and criteria vary by device type, service conditions, manufacturer requirements, and site procedures. Manufacturer documentation and site policy define the appropriate inspection approach.

Can below-the-hook devices be used to lift personnel?

Personnel hoisting is governed by specific requirements and requires approved personnel platforms and procedures. Material-handling below-the-hook devices should not be used for personnel lifting unless specifically approved and documented.

Key Takeaways for Selection and Use

Below-the-hook lifting devices can significantly improve load control and handling when the correct device type is matched to the load and used within its rated capacity and intended configuration. Because designs and applications vary widely, the most reliable references are the device markings and the manufacturer’s documentation, supported by site procedures and qualified direction. For higher-consequence activities, including any personnel hoisting, only approved systems and required controls should be used.